APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS

Objective:   Expose the students to the various applications of semiconductors in science and 		                     technology with special emphasis on solar energy conversion. 

48 hours class (38 hour theory+20 hour practical), 6 credits 

Evaluation: Tareas-15%, reports- 15%, Examination parcial-20%, Examination final-50% 

1.	Physics and properties of semiconductors. (8 hours) 
Crystal structure-energy bands-carrier concentration-carrier transport-donor and acceptor impurities-optical property-phonons-thermal property-equations of semiconductor device operations. 

			S.M.Sze, "Physics of semiconductor devices" second edition, John Wiley, 			1981 

References:		L.S.Miller and J.B.Mullin, "Electronic materials-from silicon to organics", 			Plenum Press, 1991 

			A.L.Fahrenbruch and R.H.Bube, "Fundamentals of Solar Cells photovoltaic 
			Solar energy conversion", Academic Press, 1983 

2.	p-n  junction diodes. (12 hours, 10 hour theory+4 hour practical) 
Device technology-depletion region-band structure- I-V characteristics-depletion layer capacitance-tunneling effect-transient behaviour-charge storage diodes-fast recovery diodes       (p-i-n) diodes-heterojunction devices. 

			S.M.Sze, "Physics of semiconductor devices" second edition, John Wiley, 			1981 

References:
			L.S.Miller and J.B.Mullin, "Electronic materials-from silicon to organics", 			Plenum Press, 1991 

3.	Metal- Semiconductor devices. (12 hours, 8 hour theory+8 hour practicals) 
Energy band relation-surface states-Schottky effect-current transport process characterization of barrier height-device structure-ohmic contacts-spectral responsphotoinduced current transient (PICT) measurements-thermally stimulated current (TSC) -concept of traps in the band gap-activation energy of traps-modeling the band structure. 

References:   		S.M.Sze, "Physics of semiconductor devices" second edition, John Wiley, 			1981 

			R.H.Bube, "Photoconductivity of Solids", John Wiley, 1960 

R.H.Bube, "Photoelectronic Properties of Semiconductors", Cambridge University Press, 1992. 
A.L.Fahrenbruch and R.H.Bube, "Fundamentals of Solar Cells photovoltaic solar energy conversion", Academic Press, 1983 

Additive double gate analysis in photo induced current transient spectroscopy: application to cuprous oxide. A.E.Rakhshani, \V.I.Khan and X.Mathew. Phys.stat. sol (b) 196. (1996) 163 

4. Devices (16 hours. 12hour theory+8 hour practical) 

4. l. LED and Semiconductor Lasers. 
Radiative transitions-luminescence efficiency-methods of excitation-visible LED and performance-infrared LEDs-semiconductor laser physics-stimulated emission-device structure-light output and spectral distribution. 

4.2.Photodetectors. 
Photoconductor-photodiode-(p-i-n)photo diode-metal semiconductor photodiodes heterojunction photodiodes-device performance-phototransister. 

4.3.S01ar Cells. 
Solar radiation-quantum efficiency-(p-n) junction solar cells-(I- V) under dark and illumination-temperature and radiation effects-device configuration-heterojunction solar cells (GaAs)-thin film solar cells(CdTe & CIGS)- fill factor (FF)-maximum power point-solar energy conversion efficiency-silicon solar cells- growth of silicon wafers and ribbons- formation of silicon (p-n) junction. 

References: 

		     S.M.Sze, "Physics of semiconductor devices" second edition, John Wiley, 1981 

		    E. Lorenzo, "Solar Electricity-engineering of photovoltaic systems", Institute of Solar 		    Energy, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 1994 

		    R.H.Bube, "Photoelectronic Properties of Semiconductors", Cambridge University 	                  Press, 1992. 

		    A.L.Fahrenbruch and R.H.Bube, "Fundamentals of Solar Cells photovoltaic solar     	                  energy conversion", Academic Press, 1983 

		     L.S.Miller and J.I3.Mullin, "Electronic materials-from silicon to organics", Plenum 		      Press, 1991 

General reading: 

	                  Millman & Halkias, "Electronic Devices and Circuits", Mcgraw Hill, 1967. 
	                    John E.Carroll, "Physical Models for Semiconductor Device~ Edward Arnold, 	              	                    London, 1974